Meshtastic: Off-Grid Mesh Communication Network
Meshtastic is a decentralized wireless mesh networking protocol that enables long-range, low-power communication over unlicensed radio bands using LoRa technology[1]. Created by Kevin Hester in early 2020, the project aims to provide text messaging and data transmission capabilities in areas without existing infrastructure[1:1].
Key Features
- Long-range communication (331km record achieved)[2]
- Encrypted messaging
- No phone required for mesh communication
- Decentralized architecture without dedicated routers
- Extended battery life, particularly with NRF52-based devices
- Optional GPS location tracking
- Environmental sensor support
Hardware Options
The system supports various hardware platforms:
- ESP32-based devices
- Lower initial cost
- Limited battery life (approximately 8-14 hours on 18650 battery)[3]
- Examples: Heltec V3, T-beam
- NRF52-based devices
- Superior power efficiency (up to 16 days on single 18650 battery)[3:1]
- Higher cost
- Examples: RAK Wisblock 4630, T-Echo
Real-World Applications
The Mars Society uses Meshtastic T-Echo radios for communication during analog astronaut missions in remote areas where traditional communication infrastructure is unavailable[1:2]. Other applications include:
- Hiking communication in remote areas
- Emergency communication during natural disasters
- Backup municipal communication systems
- Environmental monitoring through sensor networks
Technical Limitations
- Requires line-of-sight between devices
- Limited to text messaging (no internet replacement)
- Bandwidth constraints can cause network congestion
- Network reliability depends on node density
Network Capacity
The system has demonstrated ability to handle between 2,000 and 2,500 nodes simultaneously at large events like DEF CON, using “Short Turbo” mode for quicker broadcast bursts[1:3].
Security Considerations
Messages can be encrypted, but users should implement their own application layer encryption for sensitive communications. The default public MQTT server makes traffic visible, though encrypted[3:2].
I’m really curious about this stuff. What is the easiest way to try it out?
First, check https://meshmap.net/ to see if anyone is around. If not, you can be the first (it just will be very quiet).
Next look for a device. I’m partial to this one: https://www.seeedstudio.com/SenseCAP-Card-Tracker-T1000-E-for-Meshtastic-p-5913.html - just make sure whatever you get it’s spec’ed for your region.
Then just download the Meshtastic app on your Android or iOS device and you’re set.
If you don’t want to use a phone because of privacy concerns there are also stand alone meshtastic devices with blackberry style keyboards too
The device this user mentions is the Lilygo T-Deck, and it’s wonderful! It’s on the pricier side of meshtastic devices, but works quite well. It’s the device I’ve given to my friends and family in town, as it’s much less hassle than trying to teach them to use a device with the app.
Buy at least two nodes, get bored talking to yourself, regret the $50 purchase and then get your ham license.
I have a family member who uses ham radio, so that could be cool. Is the equipment cheaper than mesh then? And do you know if it can be encrypted?
Encryption is not allowed on ham radio, with the exception of control commands for, like, satellites. Yes, there are amateur radio satellites in orbit. All 2-way communiques must be in the clear.
Ham radio gear can be very expensive, or, I think I could get you on the air for about what you’d spend on meshtastic gear, being realistic.
You look at Meshtastic and go “Oh boy, a node cost $15, let’s go” But, that’s for a basic board like a Heltec V3. That doesn’t include a battery, it includes a crap little wirewound antenna, it doesn’t count an enclosure. Those ready made nodes like a T-Echo cost more than that, and if you want to put up an outdoor solar powered weatherproofed node up somewhere, $100 is going to be the floor. For an extremely low bandwidth 0.1 watt UHF radio.
Meanwhile, you can get a Baofeng UV-5R for around $30 and you’ve got a 5 watt 2m/70cm FM handheld that’ll work with the majority of existing repeaters. There’s one 2m repeater 1,000 feet up an antenna tower a bit south of Raleigh that can be heard by half the state.